Which pair of religions is traditionally understood as monotheistic with an all-powerful, all-knowing, indivisible God?

• A. Christianity and Islam
• B. Judaism and Hinduism
• C. Islam and Buddhism
• D. Islam and Judaism

Answer: (D)

This question tests the idea of monotheism as belief in a single, indivisible God who is all-powerful and all-knowing. Judaism and Islam both affirm a strict, uncompromising unity of God: there is one God who created and governs the world, who possesses complete knowledge and power, and who cannot be divided into parts or partners. In Judaism, the Shema declares “the Lord is one,” underscoring a unified, sovereign God. In Islam, the doctrine of tawhid emphasizes God’s absolute oneness and uniqueness, along with omnipotence and omniscience. Christianity, while monotheistic, incorporates the Trinity, which many interpret as a division within God that conflicts with the idea of an indivisible God. Hinduism and Buddhism do not share this strict single-God framework. So the pair that best fits the description is Judaism and Islam.