Which system of Hindu philosophy holds that only Brahman is real?

• A. Karma
• B. Vedanta
• C. Bhakti
• D. Jainism

Answer: (B)

The idea being tested is the view of reality in Hindu philosophy, specifically the non-dual stance that Brahman is the only ultimate reality. Vedanta, particularly in its Advaita form, argues that Brahman alone is real and that the world and individual selves appear to exist only due to ignorance (avidya). In this view, the apparent multiplicity is an illusion, and true knowledge reveals that the atman is identical to Brahman. Liberation comes through realizing this oneness.

Action and its consequences (karma) is about ethical causation, not a claim about the solitary reality of Brahman. Devotion to a personal deity (bhakti) centers on loving worship rather than asserting that only Brahman is real. Jainism is a distinct tradition with its own metaphysical framework, not the Hindu Vedanta position about Brahman being the sole reality.